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Introduction

The drafting, upkeep and communication of the rescue plan are based on the requirement of the Rescue Act (379/2011). In this rescue plan, there is an account:

  1. for the conclusions of the assessment of hazards and risks;
  2. for the safety arrangements of the building and the premises used in the operations;
  3. regarding the instructions to be given to people for the prevention of accidents and acting in accident and danger situations;
  4. other possible actions for independent preparation at the location. (Rescue Act 379/2011, Section 15))

The rescue plan must be kept up to date and it must be communicated in the necessary way to the persons in the relevant building or other site. (Government Decree on Rescue Action 407/2011, Section 2.)

There are also other requirements for safety in the Rescue Act; the most important of these are:
The owner and holder of the building and the operator must, for their part take care that the building, structure and its surroundings are kept in such condition that:

  1. the risk of the starting, intentional starting and spreading of a fire is slight;
  2. the people in the building can vacate the building in the event of fire or other sudden danger situation or they can be rescued in another way;
  3. rescue operations are possible in the event of fire or another accident;
  4. the safety of rescue personnel has been taken into account. (Rescue Act 379/2011, Section 9))

The following equipment and devices must be kept in working order and serviced and inspected appropriately:

  1. extinguishing, rescue and prevention equipment;
  2. devices that facilitate extinguishing and rescue work;
  3. fire detection, alarm and other devices signalling the risk of an accident;
  4. the lighting and signs of the exit routes;
  5. the equipment and devices of the civil defence shelters (Rescue Act 379/2011, Section 12))

The owner and holder of the building and the operator must, for their part:

  1. the starting of fires is to be prevented, as well as the arising of other hazardous situations;
  2. the protection of persons, property and the surroundings in danger situations is to be prepared for;
  3. the extinguishing of fires, and other such rescue measures that they are able to do independently, are to be prepared for;
  4. start action for securing safe exit from fires and other danger situations, as well as action for making rescue operations easier. (Rescue Act 379/2011, Section 14))

Basic property information

Kohde on asuinkerrostalo, jossa on neljä porrashuonetta ja 101 huoneistoa.

Kaikkiin asuntoihin kuuluu lasitettu terassi tai parveke sekä sauna.
Autopaikkoja on 69 kpl, jotka sijaitsevat viherkattoisissa katoksissa

Basic information

Property name Haso Risupadontie 5
Building address Risupadontie 5
00640 HELSINKI
Number of apartments 101
Building type Apartment building
Number of floors 6
Year of construction of the property 2019
Property owner Helsingin Asumisoikeus Oy
tel. 0102285000
https://www.haso.fi/
Housing management office Retta Management
tel. 0102285000

Organisation

Hosted by Johanna Ruuhilahti
phone 0102289000
johanna.ruuhilahti@retta.fi

Other information

The site falls within the area of the following rescue service: Helsinki .

Heating type District heating
Main water shutoff Lämmönjakohuoneessa
Heat distribution room C-portaan pohjakerroksen käytävällä
Electricity switchboard C-portaan pohjakerroksen käytävällä
Ventilation device Porrashuonekohtaisesti katolla
Air ventilation emergency stop

2.kerroksen porrashuoneiden ulko-ovien vieressä
Maintenance Rata- ja Talohuolto RTH Oy
phone 09 726 0470
service 09 726 0470
Gathering area Risupadontien vastakkaisella puolella jalkakäytävällä
Back-up gathering area Määritetään tarvittaessa
Number of civil defence shelters 2
Location of civil defence shelter VSS1 C-portaan 1. kerroksessa
Location of civil defence shelter VSS2 D-portaan 1. kerroksessa

Division of responsibility

Party Area of responsibility
Property management Responsible for the management of the entire property, managing maintenance contracts and equivalent matters, addressing reported security or other breaches or assigning them to other parties. The manager is the contact person for regulatory control and other such matters and participates in e.g. fire inspection rounds
Property maintenance Responsible for the technical systems and security devices on the property, management of the yard area, necessary snow clearing etc. The maintenance person observes any issues while moving around the property and manages them on their own or reports the issue to the manager.
Resident The resident is responsible for their own living area and storage booth as well as their movables and operations in the company. The property systems or fixed structures on the residents' premises are managed by the maintenance company.
Normal information flow in terms of deficiencies: Resident--- Maintenance company --- Management

The residents can report the safety observations or other deficiencies to the maintenance or the property management by phone or by e-mail, the necessary contact information can be found e.g. in the "Organisation" chapter of this plan.

Important phone numbers

Important numbers of the property

Task Name Telephone number Service phone number
Maintenance company Rata- ja Talohuolto RTH Oy 09 726 0470 09 726 0470

Other important numbers

Operator Telephone number Duty hours
Public emergency numbers 112 24 h
Poison information centre 0800 147 111 24 h

Hazardous situations and their effects

Hazard is an object or condition that can cause harm or an adverse effect on someone or something.

Risk is an evaluation of harm based on a combination of probability and severity.

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Risk and probability Reasons for occurence Consequence
Arson (unlikely) Waste station, vehicles, items placed along the building exterior wall, any excess items placed in the stair enclosure Property damage, risk of personal injury
Fire (possible) Open fire, candles, smoking, electrical equipment, electrical distribution rooms and installations, vehicles, hot work, cooking Personal injuries and property damages
Malicious damage, vandalism (unlikely) Lack of lighting, exterior door or other door to a common area left open
Accident (possible) Construction site around the property, slippery conditions, lack of protective equipment, snow falling from the roof, accident at work, cuts/burns at the restaurant, getting injured in the gym area, falling down/slipping in the sauna/shower room Disruption of activities, Personal injuries
Water damage (possible) Shortcomings in maintenance/supervision, freezing, blockage, equipment failure, a storm Costs, Disruption of activities, Interruption of activities
Gas-related hazard (unlikely) Transport of dangerous goods to nearby areas, fire incident in a nearby area Lightning strike, storm, equipment malfunction, neglect of maintenance
Traffic accident (possible) Heavy traffic due to construction sites, traffic in the nearby area, traffic in the yard area
Violence (unlikely) Customer, outside person
Exposure to radiation (exceptional circumstances) Radiation accident Taking cover indoors
Theft (unlikely) Exterior door or other door to a common area left open, opening the door to a stranger Property damage. Risk of personal injury.
Accident (possible) In the wintertime, slippery conditions, snow or ice falling from the roof, falling down in the staircase/common area/own flat
Radiation danger (exceptional situation) Radiation accident Taking cover indoors
Water damage (possible) Shortcomings in maintenance/supervision, freezing, blockage, equipment failure, a storm
Accident (possible) Construction site around the property, slippery conditions, lack of protective equipment, snow falling from the roof, accident at work, cuts/burns at the restaurant, getting injured in the gym area, falling down/slipping in the sauna/shower room Disruption of activities, Personal injuries
Water damage (possible) Shortcomings in maintenance/supervision, freezing, blockage, equipment failure, a storm Costs, Disruption of activities, Interruption of activities
Gas-related hazard (unlikely) Transport of dangerous goods to nearby areas, fire incident in a nearby area Lightning strike, storm, equipment malfunction, neglect of maintenance
Traffic accident (possible) Heavy traffic due to construction sites, traffic in the nearby area, traffic in the yard area
Violence (unlikely) Customer, outside person
Exposure to radiation (exceptional circumstances) Radiation accident Taking cover indoors
Gas-related hazard (unlikely) Transport of dangerous goods to nearby areas, fire incident in a nearby area Taking cover indoors
Power outage (possible) Lightning, storm, equipment failure Equipment breakdown
Traffic accident (possible) Traffic in a nearby area, traffic in the yard area
Säteilyvaara (poikkeustilanne) Säteilyonnettomuus Suojautuminen sisätiloihin
Radiation hazard (unlikely) Radiation accident Taking cover indoors

Safety procedures

Extinguishing equipment

Location Extinguishing equipment
Kerhohuone Fire blanket
D-portaan pesutuvassa Fire extinguisher
Hand-held fire extinguishers should be inspected:
  • at least yearly when the extinguisher is subjected to factors affecting its operational ability, such as moisture, vibration or fluctuations in temperature (outdoor areas)
  • at least once every two years (indoor areas)

Safety equipment

Smoke extraction

The purpose of smoke ventilation is to remove fire gases, smoke and heat from the premises. The smoke ventilation equipment must be maintained and tested regularly according to the user maintenance instructions. The smoke ventilation equipment may only be used by the rescue services.

Smoke removal machine
Description Rakennuksen porrashuoneet on varustettu savunpoistoluukuilla
Keskukset iv-konehuoneissa (katolla).

Ventilation emergency stop

If the building is subjected to an external danger, such as fire gases from an adjacent building, the ventilation must be shut off. In such a case, the rescue authorities usually issue an emergency warning, providing additional instructions, such as to turn off ventilation systems.

Air ventilation can be stopped by anyone.

Ventilation emergency stop: 2.kerroksen porrashuoneiden ulko-ovien vieressä

Fire safety

Smoke detector

The purpose of fire alarms is to alert of any imminent fire. This will enable measures to extinguish the fire, warn others and take rescue measures.

Smoke detector
Description Sähköverkkoon kytketyt palovaroittimet
Coverage Asunnot ja yleiset tilat

Fire compartmentalisation

The purpose of fire compartmentalisation is to limit the spread of smoke and fire and to secure safe exiting. For this reason, it is very important that the fire doors are kept closed. Fire doors must not be wedged open.

Fire door closing system

A fire compartmenting system ensures that fire doors are closed and locked if a fire is imminent. Doors are closed automatically if the system detects signs of a fire. Nothing should be left in doorways to stop the doors from closing. The equipment must be maintained and tested at regular intervals according to the user and maintenance manuals.

Fire door closing system
Description D-portaassa automaattiset palo-ovet.

Rescue route

The rescue way is a drive way, which the rescue department's vehicles can use in emergency situations to reach to within close proximity of the building.

  • It is not permitted to park cars, pile up snow, set up lampposts, plant vegetation, or do, leave, or set up anything else that might block traffic on the rescue way.
  • Escape routes must be indicated with a text sign in accordance with Ministry of the Interior decree no. 468 of 2003.
  • A rescue way sign is not used if the rescue way is not marked in the building's construction permits.
  • Please contact rescue authorities for advice on any escape route questions.
Rescue route
Description Merkitty liikennemerkillä

Hot work

Hot work is defined as work in which sparks arise or in which naked flames or other heat sources are used and may cause a fire hazard. Such work includes e.g. oxyacetylene and arc welding, flame and arc cutting, disc cutting and metal grinding, which create sparks, as well as work involving the use of gas burners, other open fire or combustion air blowers.

Performing hot work at a temporary hot work site always requires a permission granted by a person responsible for the hot work. The hot work permission ensures the actions of the different parties regarding safety and fire protection. The person conducting the hot work must have a hot work licence.

The property manager office grants the hot work permissions.

Other arrangements

Ventilation device

Ventilation device
Location Porrashuonekohtaisesti katolla
Description Keskitetty koneellinen ilmanvaihto, lisäksi erillisiä tilakohtaisia IV-koneita
Emergency stop switch location 2.kerroksen porrashuoneiden ulko-ovien vieressä

Action guidelines

The following pages contain a guide on accident prevention and on how to act in accident and danger situations. Read the action guide carefully!

The correct actions, solutions, and choices prevent and limit accidents. This way accidents can be minimised or they can be prevented altogether.

Safety and security are our shared concern!

Alerting help

In all urgent emergency situations, whether it be a police, fire department, paramedic, or a social worker case involving an urgent need for help CALL THE EMERGENCY NUMBER: 112

Call the emergency number yourself if you can
It is important to make the emergency call yourself, if the matter concerns you. The victim has more knowledge on the situation, based on which the dispatcher can send help accordingly. Using middle-men to make the call can delay getting the right kind of help on site.
Tell what happened
The emergency centre dispatcher will ask the caller about what happened so that they can send the appropriate assistance.
Give the exact address and municipality
The emergency centre might have several same addresses in different municipalities/cities in its service area. Therefore it is also important to know the name of the town/city/municipality where the accident has taken place.
Answer the questions that are asked of you
The questions asked by the dispatcher are important. They do not delay alarming for help. In urgent cases the dispatcher already alerts the authorities and other partners during the call, and gives them more information on what has happened.
Act according to the information given to you
The dispatcher is trained to give instructions in various types of situations. It is important to follow the given instructions. Correct initial actions often play an important role in the end result.
End the call only after you're given permission to do so.
Ending the call too soon may delay the help from arriving. After you are given the permission to end the call, end it. Keep the phone line open. The dispatcher or the help on its way may need additional information on what has happened.

Sudden illness or accident

Find out what happened
  • Has the person fallen or fainted?
  • Are there possibly eye witnesses, that can tell you better about what has happened?
Check the person's condition
  • Can you wake the person up by talking or shaking?
Check breathing
  • If the person doesn't wake up, check breathing: place the back of your hand in front of the patient's mouth and feel if there is air flow.
Make an emergency call.
  • Call the number 112.
  • Tell where you are calling from.
  • Tell what happened
  • Act according to directions.
Give first aid if needed.
  • If the person is not breathing, start with first aid.
Turn an unconscious but breathing patient into the recovery position on their side.
Observe the patient.
  • If there are changes in the patient's condition before the rescue department arrives, notify them by calling the emergency number 112, so that the emergency centre can re-evaluate your situation.
Guide the professional help quickly to the patient
  • Tell the professional help what has happened and what has been done.

Fire

Save
  • Make an assessment of the situation. Rescue those in immediate danger.
  • Be careful not to breathe smoke! Smoke is highly toxic and you can lose consciousness quickly if you breathe it.
Warn
  • Warn others in the building about the fire and the threatening danger.
  • Direct people to the gathering area.
Alert
  • Call the emergency number 112 from a safe location.
  • Tell who you are, where the fire is (address and floor), what is on fire, and if there are people in danger.
  • Do not hang up the phone until you are given permission to do so.
Extinguish
  • Perform initial extinguishing measures, where possible.
  • A grease fire is extinguished by suffocating it with a fire blanket.
  • When an electrical appliance is on fire, disconnect power and begin extinguishing the fire.
Limit
  • Remove fire sensitive items and flammable liquids.
  • Contain the spread of fire and smoke by closing windows and the door as you exit.
Guide
  • Direct the rescue personnel to the location or arrange guidance. For example: one person stays to guide on the side of the parking lot and another next to the building.

In evacuation situations the gathering area is: Risupadontien vastakkaisella puolella jalkakäytävällä

Back-up gathering area: Määritetään tarvittaessa

Action in the gathering area

Gathering area: Risupadontien vastakkaisella puolella jalkakäytävällä

When people have left the building and proceeded to the gathering area, one person must be appointed to take responsibility for the activities at the gathering area. Based on the situation at hand, it is necessary to consider whether it is safe to remain in the designated gathering area or if people should be directed elsewhere, for example into a pre-arranged interior area or to a property in the vicinity (the back-up gathering area).

Do not leave the gathering area without the permission of the rescue authorities.

Factors to bear in mind in the gathering area:

  • taking care of any possible injured parties
  • looking after people with reduced mobility or otherwise poor physical condition
  • if one is aware of someone having remained inside, this is to be reported

Back-up gathering area

Back-up gathering area: Määritetään tarvittaessa

In severe winter conditions or other situations, an additional gathering area may be needed. Authorities will also provide instructions about shelter locations for long-term shelter.

Assisting people with reduced mobility in emergency situations

In an emergency situation, the movement of people with reduced mobility out of the building may be difficult and slow. If you know there is a neighbour with reduced mobility, for example handicapped, blind, or elderly, try to secure their safe exit in emergency situations. If you know your neighbour is at home, but you are not able to assist in moving them out, notify the rescue authorities about the situation as fast as possible.

Work in cooperation with the other residents.

Things to consider when helping people with reduced mobility
  • Help a person with reduced mobility to exit, within the limits of your own capabilities.
  • Listen to the person you're helping.
  • Take care of the person you helped also after getting out.

Water damage

Action guide
  • Disconnect power from where the leak is and from its proximity.
  • Stop the water from flowing, from i.e. the water mains, if possible.
  • Notify of the situation immediately:
    • to the maintenance personnel: Rata- ja Talohuolto RTH Oy, phone 09 726 0470, service 09 726 0470
    • to the housing manager: Johanna Ruuhilahti, tel. 0102289000
  • Contact the emergency number if needed 112.
  • Main water shutoff: Lämmönjakohuoneessa
  • Heat distribution room: C-portaan pohjakerroksen käytävällä
  • Electricity switchboard: C-portaan pohjakerroksen käytävällä
Should there be threat of water outside the building
  • Find out what is causing the water threat.
  • If there is a leak, try to block it.
  • Try to prevent the water from getting into the building.
    • by baggings
    • by using plastic covers
    • by directing the water away from the building
  • Call for additional help if needed.

Under threat of violence

In an unarmed threatening situation, act in the following way.

  • Act calmly and try to calm the person with your behaviour.
  • Make sure you do not turn your back or let yourself be cornered, so that you will always have an escape route when a threatening person comes close.
  • Call for help depending on the circumstances.
  • Escape and help others escape.

Take care of your own safety. Seek to direct the threatening person to a place where they cannot harm others. After the event, contact the police about the incident if required.

If the threatening person is armed, act in the following way.

  • Do not resist.
  • Do whatever the person threatening you tells you to do.
  • As the situation permits, try to warn others.
  • By closing doors, you can limit a person's movement within the property.
  • After the situation, call 112 to get professional help on site as fast as possible. Listen to directions and act accordingly.

Every threat and sighting of a possibly threatening situation must be taken seriously and the police must be informed immediately. Through your own behaviour, you can affect the progress of the situation, and thus you should take all threatening situations seriously and try to calm down already begun situations.

Public warning signal

The public warning signal is a one-minute-long ascending and descending tone or a warning announcement by the authorities. The length of the ascending tone is 7 seconds.

The public warning signal means an immediate danger threatening the public. The warning is given in population centres with an outdoor alarm system and with an alarm attached to a vehicle in rural areas.

The All Clear signal is a one-minute-long monotonous signal. It is an announcement of the threat or danger having passed.

Act in the following way after you've heard the public warning signal
  • Proceed indoors.
  • Stay indoors.
  • Close doors, windows, ventilation holes, and air conditioning devices.
  • Turn on the radio and wait for instructions.
  • Avoid using the phone to prevent telephone lines from getting jammed.
  • Do not leave the areas unless urged to do so by the authorities, so as not to endanger yourself on the way.

Gas hazard

Public warning signal in danger situations concerning gas

Additional information on the type of danger can be got from radio and television. The following are usually connected with a gas hazard.

  • If you are indoors and can smell gas:
    • stay indoors
    • the top floors make the best shelter
    • place a wet cloth over your mouth and breathe through it
    • stay on the upper floors until the danger is over.
  • If you are outside when you smell gas but are not able to get indoors:
    • hurry into side wind from underneath the gas cloud
    • try to get as high as possible, for example to the top of a hill
    • press a wet cloth, tuft of grass, turf, or moss in front of your mouth and breathe through it.
Additional information on taking cover from gas
  • Switch off air conditioning devices and close doors and windows tightly. The more airtight you can make the building, the slower the gas can get inside.
  • You can also close or tape inside doors and stay in upwind areas. If you smell gas you can breathe through a moist and spongy cloth.
  • The authorities will announce on radio or with vehicles with loudspeakers when the gas cloud has dispersed. Ventilate indoors well after the event.

Säteilyvaara

Säteilytilannetta valvotaan jatkuvasti koko maassa mittareilla. Pienetkin muutokset huomataan heti ja niistä tiedotetaan viipymättä. Säteilyvaarasta annetaan yleinen vaaramerkki.

Mene sisälle

Sisälle suojautuminen on säteilyvaaratilanteessa ensisijainen suojelutoimenpide.

Sulje tiiviisti ovet, ikkunat, tuuletusaukot ja ilmanvaihto, jotta radioaktiiviset aineet eivät pääsisi sisään. Talon keskiosissa on paras suoja.

Joditabletit

Joditablettien ottaminen on toissijainen tukitoimi, jota suositellaan enintään 40-vuotiaille ja raskaana oleville.

Ota joditabletti vasta viranomaisten kehotuksesta, jonka kuulet radiosta tai televisiosta. Joditabletit ehkäisevät radioaktiivisen jodin kertymistä kilpirauhaseen, mutta eivät anna muuta suojaa. Tabletteja ei pidä lähteä vaaratilanteessa noutamaan rakennuksen ulkopuolelta. Jodeja voi hankkia etukäteen apteekista. Joditabletteja tulisi olla 2 per henkilö. Sosiaali- ja terveysministeriö suosittelee joditablettien ottamista ydinonnettomuudesta johtuvissa säteilyvaaratilanteissa enintään 40-vuotiaille ja raskaana oleville.

Suojaa ruokasi ja juomavesi

Laita esillä olevat elintarvikkeet muovipusseihin tai tiiviisiin astioihin. Jääkaappi, pakastin ja tiiviit pakkaukset suojaavat radioaktiiviselta pölyltä.

Ulkona liikkuminen

Jos on pakko mennä ulos, käytä tiivistä, ihon peittävää asua, esimerkiksi sadevaatteita. Riisu vaatteet sisälle tullessasi eteiseen ja peseydy huolella. Käytä hengityssuojainta, pyyhettä tai talouspaperia estämään radioaktiivisten hiukkasten pääsy keuhkoihin.

Lisäohjeet

Lisäohjeita saat kaupunkisi pelastusviranomaisilta, tiedotusvälineistä sekä Yleisradion teksti-TV:n sivulta 867. Tietoa saat myös Säteilyturvakeskuksen Internet-sivuilta osoitteesta www.stuk.fi ja pelastustoimen sivuilta www.pelastustoimi.fi.

Blackouts

How to act during a power cut:

  • First check the fuses. If they are intact, find out whether the electricity of your neighbour or neighbouring houses is working.
  • If the electricity is out from a larger area, the problem is already known and actions to fix it have started. Most electricity suppliers have a taped recording of the malfunction on its fault service number, which will give information on the blackout situation in your area.
  • When the electricity comes back but acts unusually, for example the lights burn brighter or dimmer than usual, the reason might a break in the electricity network's neutral wire. This can result in equipment damage, fire and, in the worst case, the risk of electric shock. In such situations, switch off the electricity from the main switch and call your electricity supplier's fault emergency number.
  • When a power cut lasts longer, prepare yourself with warm clothes, especially in the winter, and home storage supplies. Instructions regarding home storage supplies can be found in the appendices.

Hyvä tietää sähkökatkon aikana

  • päällä olleet sähkölaitteet (esim. liesi tai uunit) tulee sammuttaa, jotta niistä ei sähköjen palauduttua aiheudu palovaaraa
  • jääkaappi ja pakastin sammuvat ja niiden avaamista kannattaa välttää, jotta elintarvikkeet eivät ala pilaantua
  • vedentulo voi katketa sähkökatkon aikana, sillä vesilaitoksen pumput toimivat sähköllä

Ennakoiduista sähköpulatilanteista pyritään tiedottamaan etukäteen. Aina tietoa ei ole mahdollista antaa etukäteen. Seuraamalla viranomaistiedotusta esimerkiksi YLE:n kautta saat tietoa ennakoiduista sähkökatkoista.

Civil defence

The purpose of the civil defence shelter is to protect people from collapses, explosion pressure waves and fragments, gases, radiation and fire. This property has 2 civil defence shelters. It is recommended that a civil defence shelter have an elected manager and deputy. It is good for the property's shelter's manager to learn how to use the equipment and how to prepare the shelter for use.

In Finland there are enough civil defence shelters for approximately 3.8 million people. Civil defence shelters are found both in domestic and other properties. In addition to shelters in properties, there are also public ones, such as rock shelters. Such civil defence shelters are public, usually the responsibilitity of the cities and only located in major cities.

Under normal circumstances the shelters are used for various activities, such as sports or storage, or other kinds of useful purposes. A civil defence shelter must however be ready for use within 72 hours should the authorities give an order to prepare it.

With civil defence shelters it is important to protect metal parts from rusting, insulation staying intact, machinery remaining functional, and equipment kept safe in stock.

This property has 2 civil defence shelters:

Location Protection grade Location of equipment
C-portaan 1. kerroksessa S1 Väestönsuojassa
D-portaan 1. kerroksessa S1 Väestönsuojassa

Two of the civil defence shelters is in class S1. The civil defence shelter in protection class S1 is a newer shelter, built after 1971. It is possible to stay in this shelter model for long time periods. The shelter has a manually operated or mechanical air intake machinery, equipped with a pre-filter and an activated carbon particle filter.

The authorities provide instructions by radio if it is necessary to move to civil defence shelters and information on which of the public shelters people are to move to. Moving into the civil defence shelters therefore always happens as a result of direction by the authorities. Accidents occurring in normal times do not generally ever require taking cover in civil defence shelters, with taking cover indoors being sufficient. There are 110,000 spaces altogether in the civil defence shelters of Finland.

Civil defence shelter maintenance.

A civil defence shelter as well as civil defence equipment and devices must be maintained in such condition that the shelter can be made operational in 72 hours. A shelter can also be used for other purposes, as long as making it operational takes no longer than stated before. Normal time use is not allowed to damage the shelter nor prevent it being inspected or tested for leakage.

It is not permitted to store pollutant liquids in a shelter nor is it permitted to make holes in surrounding structures. Protective doors, hatches and air ventilation machinery must not be moved from their designated spots nor is it permitted to use the air ventilation machinery for air ventilation under normal circumstances. It is permitted to install a door to the protective door's opening. Even during normal times it should be ensured that at least half of the shelter is free in case of a sudden need to take shelter.

Additionally you should take note of the following:
  • The civil defence shelter owner and manager must make sure that the shelter, its equipment and machinery are kept operational and maintained and inspected accordingly.
  • An appointed person inspects and test uses the shelter's doors, hatches, tightness, air conditioning and electricity equipment, as well as the drains, yearly according to the directions from the equipment retailer.
  • In order to ensure the shelter equipment is operational they ought to be inspected and serviced at least every 10 years unless the manufacturer has stated a shorter maintenance period.
  • An inspection log must be drafted when checking machinery's functionality, where machine-specific inspections are marked. The inspection log must be presented to the rescue authorities when asked for.
  • The owner and the proprietor of the property must ensure that the civil defence shelter has such equipment that it can be made operational. This equipment consist of items such as spare water containers, waste containers, dry lavatories, and beds.

Renovating the civil defence shelter

When proceeding to an improved level of protection
  • A civil defence shelter is assigned a care person, who is in charge of renovation. S/He must know the machinery in the shelter as well as know how to use it. Additionally, the shelter's care person is responsible for the general order and cleanliness, as well as discipline, in the shelter.
  • The shelter is emptied of the goods stored in it, or that have otherwise collected there, in accordance with the clearing plan.
  • All temporary structures are taken down and taken out of the shelter.
  • Hinges, latches, etc. from doors and hatches are inspected, lubricated, and serviced.
  • Door insulations are inspected and put in place according to instructions.
  • Inspection of the emergency exit hallway and hatch for functionality and use.
  • Dry toilets (15 plastic bags per toilet) are distributed into the dry toilet spaces. The toilet spaces are partitioned off with curtains or boards. There is to be one toilet space per every 20 m² .
  • All vents (HWA) are checked for functionality by turning them from one extreme setting to another.
  • Spare water containers are cleaned and filled up. The filling hose and other equipment are checked at the same time. The showers for the decontamination tent are installed and tested out. There should be 50 litres of water per square metre in the shelter, meaning 50 x 80 = 4,000 litres (or 30 litres/person).
  • Floor drains are cleaned and their functionality is tested by pouring water into them. Attention! The floor drain has a closing valve.
  • Air pressure valves are checked and joints are lubricated.
  • Air ventilation openings used in normal conditions are blocked off by installing dust covers with insulation.
  • The condition of the pressure valves is checked from outside the shelter.
  • Air ventilation shafts and filters are cleaned.
  • All pipes, connections, and machinery connected with air ventilation are checked. Special filters are installed according to the machine's installation guide.
  • The functioning of exit valves is checked by turning them from one extreme setting to another.
  • Check overpressure indicator for: fluid, the pipes opening, that the meter reads 0, and the spare fluid (dyed fuel oil).
  • The balometer sensitivity is tested with a test use.
  • Pressurisation of the shelter is to be checked; the pressure test is conducted according to the machine manufacturer's instructions. The aim is to verify that there is enough overpressure, and that the shelter doesn't leak too much air out.
  • Examine and inspect the functionality of the shelter's phone, antenna, appliance fuses, lighting, backup batteries, spare lightbulbs and spare fuses, switches and power outlets, etc.
  • Equip the shelter with appropriate gear (attachment) in accordance with regulations.
  • The spaces in the shelter are divided according to the plan made beforehand into general living and activity spaces (men/women, protection personnel, staff, customers). Each sheltered person has their own personal living space containing personal items, medication, and long- life provisions.
  • The shelter contains enough seats, tables, and bunkbeds for approximately one third of the people coming into the shelter.
  • For exceptional circumstances, there should also be equipment and goods that will make a longer stay possible (e.g. entertainment).
  • Check functionality of spare lighting.
  • Signs guiding the way to the shelter must be installed in passages and corridors.

Civil defence material

Civil defence material can be divided into two categories: shelter- specific material and protection staff material. Each civil defence shelter should have the shelter-specific material reserved for it as well as the protection material for the shelter manager and his/her deputy.

Material is usable in normal conditions in care and maintenance activities, assuming that the material is stored in the property where it belongs. Tools belonging to the civil defence shelter must be usable when the shelter is issued to be used.

The residential buildings' shelter-specific material
Tag Count
Stretchers 1
Water preservation solution Based on the amount
Crowbar 1
The shelter's tag places 1
Hand light 2
Bucket hose 1
The shelter's tools
Tag Additional information
Peening hammer 2 kg
Cutting chisel 300 mm
Spike chisel 300 mm
Power cutters approx. 600 mm
Hatchet approx. 400 mm
Entrenching spade approx. 500 mm when folded
Crowbar approx. 600 mm
Handsaw blade 500 mm
Hacksaw blade 310 mm
Hacksaw blades 5 to spare
Adjustable wrench max. a 35 mm jaw
A slotted screwdriver tip 8 mm, blade 150 mm
Phillips head screwdriver
Carpenter's hammer 0.5 kg
Nails 2 kg, 75, 100, and 125 mm
Belt-knife approx. 200 mm
Rescue rope d=12 mm, 20 m
The apartment building's protection staff's material
Safety and protection staff's material For every 100 residents
Civilian gas mask and civil defence shelter filters 2
Hard hat 2
Protective glasses 2
First aid kit and protective bandage pack 1
Sterile first aid dressing 2
Geiger counter / over 100 person property 1
Iodine tablets 2/resident
Guide on building protection (Kodin turvaopas, SPEK) 2

Safeguard evasion

Safeguard evasion means controlled relocations of members of the population from a danger zone in a situation where this is considered less risky than taking cover indoors. Such situations are for example fast-developing dangerous substance accidents, extensive harm caused by exhaust fumes, danger of explosion, and radiation situations.

Safeguard evasion is always done on a special order from the authorities. The authorities have planned in advance to perform a safeguard evasion from the area and reserved the necessary transportation equipment for it.

Storage

Storing various items can cause a risk of a fire or the risk of a fire spreading, prevent a safe exit during an emergency, or make it more difficult to extinguish the fire. For this reason, you must always handle flammable substances according to their user instructions. Storage of inflammable substances in flats' storage rooms in prohibited.. The building's exits must always be kept clear and free of obstacles.

  • Flats and their balconies, terraces and similar spaces
    • No unnecessary items should be stored in the flats.
  • Exit routes, staircases, internal corridors and access to storage rooms
    • No storage of any kind is allowed.
  • Under the buildings or in their vicinity
    • Do not keep any inflammable material or other items next to the building's walls, such as waste bins, piles of waste cardboard and wooden pallets

Note

If uncertain, please always contact the local fire inspector

Attachments

This rescue plan has the following attachments:

How to use a small fire extinguisher

Extinguishers

  • Turn the extinguisher upside down and shake the extinguisher to ensure the powder's running.
  • Remove the safety pin.
  • Approach the fire from the direction of the wind.
  • If you are indoors, approach low on the floor, as this will improve the visibility.
  • Take a hold of the extinguisher's hose from the end and direct the extinguishing substance at the base of the flames, don't cut through them.
  • Start extinguishing from the front and continue towards the back, or from bottom to top.
  • Extinguishing can be improved with a back and forth motion.
  • The whole area that is burning must be covered in the extinguisher cloud.
  • After the flames are extinguished the extinguishing can be stopped.
  • Observer the burnt object and make sure that the fire is out.
  • If the target catches fire again, repeat the extinguishing.

Extinguishing blankets

  • Take a hold of the corners of the blanket and protect your hands by placing them inside the blanket.
  • Step on the blanket with your foot; this will prevent the flames from getting to your face.
  • If you are outside, approach the fire from the direction of the wind.
  • Extend your arms straight.
  • Spread the blanket over the fire.
  • Hold the blanket tightly over the fire and make sure that the fire is extinguished.
  • Protect yourself while lifting the blanket as the fire can re-ignite.
  • Make sure once more that the fire is extinguished.

Kotivara

Kotivara on osa asukkaiden omatoimista varautumista. Yllättävistä tilanteista selviää vähemmin harmein, kun kotona on kotivara. Kotivara tarkoittaa, että kotiin hankitaan ruokaa ja muita päivittäin välttämättä tarvittavia tavaroita vähän enemmän. Kotivaran pitäisi riittää kolme vuorokautta (72 tuntia). Kotivara on normaalissa kierrossa olevia elintarvikkeita ja tavaroita, joita täydennetään sitä mukaa kun niitä käytetään. Näin elintarvikkeet pysyvät tuoreina ja tavarat käyttökelpoisina.

Tilanne, että kauppaan ei pääse, voi yllättää monestakin syystä.

  • Yksinasuva voi sairastua, eikä kykene ostoksille
  • Yhteiskunta voi haavoittua; tulee lakko, liikenneyhteydet katkeavat tai laaja sähkökatkos häiritsee arkea.
  • Tilanne, jossa kaupat joudutaan sulkemaan tai ulos ei voi lähteä.

Kotivara voi vaihdella sisällöltään talouden ruokatottumusten mukaan sisältäen muun muassa pullotettua vettä, astioita veden varastoimiseen, lääkkeitä, joditabletit sekä talouskohtaisia välttämättömyystarpeita. Näitä ovat mm. henkilökohtaiset lääkkeet, hygieniatarvikkeet, vaipat, paristokäyttöinen radio, taskulamppu ja paristot.